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Output vs Outcome: Meaning, Differences, and Their Role in Scientific Project Evaluation
Introduction In development planning, governance, and public policy, terms like output and outcome are frequently used—but often misunderstood or used interchangeably. This confusion leads to weak project evaluation, misleading success claims, and poor policy learning. Understanding the difference between output and outcome is crucial for: This blog explains these concepts clearly and simply, using real-life…
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Baby Boom: How a Population Surge Shaped Modern Demographic History
Introduction Population growth does not occur randomly—it follows social, economic, and historical rhythms. One of the most influential population phenomena of the modern era is the Baby Boom, a sudden and sustained rise in birth rates that reshaped societies, economies, and global demographics. From post-war prosperity to changing family structures, the baby boom played a…
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Sampling Systems in Research: Types, Techniques Pros & Cons, and Importance
When conducting research or surveys, one of the most crucial decisions a researcher faces is: Whom should I study? Studying an entire population is often expensive, time-consuming, and sometimes impossible. That’s where sampling systems come in. Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals, groups, or items from a larger population to represent…
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